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Water Heaters

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A close up of hot water being poured into a sink.
A diagram showing the parts of a gas water heater
Water Temperature Controls For a Gas Water Heater

Benefits of Natural Gas & Propane Water Heaters-


  1. Energy Efficiency: Natural gas water heaters typically heat water faster than electric models, offering higher efficiency and the ability to supply hot water even during power outages. Propane water heaters generally offer higher efficiency levels compared to their electric counterparts, with many models achieving Energy Factor (EF) ratings that signify superior energy use and cost savings over time.
  2. Cost-Effectiveness: Although the initial purchase and installation cost might be higher than electric heaters, natural gas is generally less expensive than electricity in many areas, leading to lower monthly energy bills.
  3. Environmental Impact: Natural gas and propane burns cleaner than other fossil fuels, producing fewer greenhouse gases. Modern models are designed to maximize efficiency and minimize emissions, aligning with environmentally conscious living.


Types of Natural Gas and Propane Water Heaters-


  1. Storage Tank Water Heaters: The most common type, these heaters store and heat water in an insulated tank. They're available in various sizes to accommodate different household needs.
  2. Tankless Water Heaters: Also known as "On-Demand Water Heaters" or "Endless Hot Water Heaters", these systems heat water directly without the use of a storage tank, offering endless hot water and improved energy savings by eliminating the need to maintain a full tank of hot water at all times.
  3. Condensing Water Heaters: Ideal for homes with high hot water demands, condensing water heaters are highly efficient, utilizing exhaust gases to preheat incoming cold water, thus saving energy.


Key Considerations When Choosing a Natural Gas or Propane Water Heater

  1. Size and Capacity: Assess your household’s hot water needs based on the number of occupants and simultaneous hot water uses. For tank water heaters, this means choosing the right gallon capacity. For tankless models, consider the flow rate (gallons per minute).
  2. Energy Efficiency Ratings: Look for models with high Energy Factor (EF) ratings, indicating more efficient use of natural gas and lower operating costs.
  3. Venting Requirements: Proper venting is crucial for safety, ensuring combustion gases are safely expelled outside the home. Be aware of the venting requirements of your chosen model, which may influence installation location and costs.
  4. Installation and Maintenance: Professional installation by a qualified technician is essential for safety and optimal performance. Regular maintenance, including checking the venting system and flushing the tank to remove sediment, extends the life of the heater and maintains efficiency.
  5. Rebates and Incentives: Some regions offer rebates or incentives for purchasing energy-efficient natural gas water heaters. Check with local utilities or government agencies for potential savings.

Benefits of Electric Water Heaters-


  1. Simplicity and Safety: Electric water heaters eliminate concerns about gas leaks or combustion, offering a safer operation.  They also don't require venting nor the safety codes that involve proper ventilation for other water heaters.
  2. Ease of Installation: Without the need for gas lines or venting, electric heaters can be installed in a wider range of locations within a home. This flexibility sometimes can result in lower installation costs compared to gas heaters.
  3. Efficiency and Cost-effectiveness: Many modern electric water heaters are designed with efficiency in mind, featuring insulation, heat pumps, or tankless technology to minimize energy consumption. While electricity rates may be higher than natural gas in some areas, the overall efficiency of these units can offset operational costs especially if the homeowner has ample solar panels.


Types of Electric Water Heaters-


  1. Storage Tank Water Heaters: The most common type, these heaters use an insulated tank to store and heat water. Available in various capacities, they're suitable for households with varying hot water needs.
  2. Tankless (On-demand) Water Heaters: Electric tankless water heaters heat water directly without the use of a storage tank, providing hot water only as it is needed. This can lead to energy savings by eliminating standby heat loss associated with storage tanks.  That being said, these models usually have specific requirements for where they can be plugged in and can increase the costs of installation.
  3. Heat Pump Water Heaters: These highly efficient units use electricity to move heat from the air or ground to heat water, using significantly less energy than traditional electric heaters. They're best suited for climates where they can operate efficiently year-round.

How Heat Pump Water Heaters Work


Heat pump water heaters, also known as hybrid water heaters, operate on the principle of heat transfer rather than direct heating. These systems use electricity to move heat from the air or ground into the water in the tank, rather than generating heat directly. This process involves three main components: the heat pump, the evaporator, and the condenser. The heat pump absorbs ambient heat and transfers it to the evaporator, where the refrigerant captures the heat. The heated refrigerant then passes through the condenser, transferring heat to the water in the tank. This method of heating water is significantly more energy-efficient than traditional electric or gas water heating methods.


Benefits of Heat Pump Water Heaters-


  1. High Efficiency: Heat pump water heaters can be two to three times more energy-efficient than conventional electric resistance water heaters, leading to considerable energy and cost savings over time.
  2. Environmental Impact: By using electricity to move heat rather than generate it, heat pump water heaters have a lower carbon footprint, contributing to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly home.
  3. Longevity and Cost Savings: Although the initial investment in a heat pump water heater may be higher than that of a traditional water heater, the reduced operating costs can lead to significant savings over the life of the unit. Additionally, the longevity of these units often surpasses that of conventional water heaters.


How Do You Maintain a Tankless Water Heater?


  • Cleaning the air filter: The air filter prevents dust and debris from entering the combustion chamber of the water heater. You should check and clean the air filter at least once a month, or more often if you live in a dusty area or the tankless unit is placed in a dusty area. To clean the air filter, remove it from the water heater, rinse it with plain water, and let it dry completely before reinstalling it.
  • Flushing the heat exchanger: The heat exchanger is the part of the water heater that heats the water. Over time, it can accumulate mineral deposits that can reduce its efficiency and performance. You should flush the heat exchanger with a special solution made specifically for this purpose at least once a year, or more often if you have hard water. To flush the heat exchanger, you need to turn off the power and water supply to the water heater, connect a pump and hoses to the cold and hot water valves or the bypass valve, and circulate the solution through the water heater for about an hour. Then, you need to rinse the water heater with clean water and reconnect the power and water supply.
  • Checking the venting system: The venting system is the part of the water heater that expels the exhaust gases from the combustion process. You should check the venting system for any signs of damage, blockage, or leakage at least once a year, or more often if you notice any problems with the water heater. To check the venting system, inspect the vent pipe, the termination cap, and the air intake for any cracks, holes, dents, or obstructions. You also need to make sure that the venting system is properly sealed and supported. If you find any issues with the venting system, you need to repair or replace it as soon as possible.


At Able Plumbing, we can help you maintain the life of your tankless water heater as well so give us a call or request a quote today

Benefits of Under Sink Water Heaters


  1. Instant Hot Water: These units provide hot water directly at the point of use, eliminating the delay and water waste associated with waiting for hot water to reach the tap from a distant water heater.
  2. Energy Efficiency: By heating only the water you need, when you need it, under sink water heaters can reduce overall energy consumption compared to maintaining a larger, centrally located water heater.
  3. Space Saving: Their compact size makes under sink water heaters ideal for small homes, apartments, or any space where conserving square footage is a priority.
  4. Easy Installation: Under sink water heaters typically require less complex installation than traditional water heaters, with many electric models offering plug-in convenience.


Types of Under Sink Water Heaters


  1. Tankless Models: These provide hot water on demand by rapidly heating water as it flows through the unit. Tankless under sink heaters are highly efficient and ideal for occasional use.
  2. Mini-Tank Water Heaters: Equipped with a small storage tank (ranging from 2 to 20 gallons), these units store a small amount of pre-heated water, ready for immediate use. Mini-tank heaters are suitable for areas with frequent hot water needs.


Key Considerations for Installation and Use


  1. Capacity and Flow Rate: Determine the amount of hot water you'll need and how quickly. For high-demand applications, ensure the unit's flow rate and capacity can meet your needs without significant temperature fluctuations.
  2. Energy Source: Most under sink water heaters are electric and can be easily connected to your home's electrical system. Consider the electrical requirements, such as voltage and amperage, to ensure compatibility.
  3. Water Pressure: Check the manufacturer's recommended water pressure range. Some models come with pressure relief valves to prevent damage from excessive pressure.
  4. Maintenance: Regular maintenance, such as descaling and sediment removal, can extend the life of your under sink water heater and maintain its efficiency.

Benefits of Recirculation Lines


  1. Faster Hot Water Access: Recirculation lines significantly reduce the time it takes for hot water to travel from the heater to the tap, providing almost instant hot water.
  2. Water Conservation: By minimizing the need to let water run while waiting for it to heat up, recirculation lines can save many gallons of water annually, benefiting both the environment and your utility bills.
  3. Energy Efficiency: Modern recirculation systems are designed with energy efficiency in mind. Many are equipped with timers and thermostats to operate only during peak usage times, minimizing unnecessary heating and pumping.


How Recirculation Lines Work


A recirculation system continuously pumps water from the water heater through the hot water pipes with a pump mechanism and back to the heater via a dedicated return line or through the cold water line with a specific valve. This loop keeps hot water moving and readily available at all points of use. Some systems activate on demand, using a switch or motion sensor, while others operate on a timer to ensure hot water availability during known peak times.


Types of Recirculation Systems

  1. Dedicated Return Line: This system uses a pump and an additional pipe running from the furthest fixture back to the water heater, creating a loop. It's the most efficient type but may require significant plumbing work to install in existing homes.
  2. Integrated System Using the Cold Water Line: This setup uses a pump and a special valve at the furthest fixture to allow the unused hot water to return to the heater through the cold water line, eliminating the need for a dedicated return pipe. It's easier to install in existing structures but may slightly warm the cold water line.
  3. Internal Recirculation Pump in a Tankless Water Heater:  This option increases the logic in replacing a tanked water heater with a tankless unit and doesn't require an extra recirculation pump as some tankless water heaters have one internally.  When a hot water fixture is turned off, the recirculation pump pushes any unused hot water back to your tankless water heater. This allows the unused water to be reheated, creating a greater efficiency to your hot water system. 

How Hydronic Radiant Heat Flooring Works


Hydronic systems circulate warm water through a network of tubing laid beneath the floor surface. The heat from the water radiates upward, warming the floor and the room above. The water is heated by a water heater and a return manifold system and can be controlled by zoning valves or thermostats to manage the temperature in different areas of the home. This method of heating provides an even, gentle warmth, eliminating the hot and cold spots commonly associated with traditional heating systems.


Benefits of Hydronic Radiant Heat Flooring


  1. Efficient Heating: Hydronic systems are often more energy-efficient than forced-air systems because water is a more effective medium for conveying heat than air. The direct heating of the floor also minimizes heat loss, leading to lower energy bills.
  2. Improved Comfort: The even distribution of heat from the ground up enhances comfort, eliminating cold floors and reducing the movement of dust and allergens that can occur with forced-air systems.
  3. Silent Operation: Unlike systems that rely on blowers or fans, hydronic radiant heating operates silently, enhancing the tranquility of your living space.
  4. Design Flexibility: With no need for radiators or air ducts, homeowners have greater freedom in designing their interiors. Additionally, radiant heat systems can be installed under various types of flooring, including tile, stone, and wood.

How Instant Hot Water Heaters Work


Most types have a small, insulated tank which contains the heated water. When the handle is pressed at the fixture, cool water will flow into the tank and displace the near-boiling water within the tank, which then flows out of the spout. On releasing the handle the valve closes and hot water stops flowing.


Benefits of Instant Hot Water Heaters


  1. Energy Efficiency: By heating water only when it's needed, instant hot water heaters can be more energy-efficient than traditional tank models, leading to lower utility bills.
  2. Water Savings: With a unit such as this, it will effectively eliminate the need to let the water run at the sink while waiting for it to get hot, creating water conservation of many gallons over a year.
  3. Cost Effective: Instant hot water heaters typically are more cost effective than a recirculation line especially if your hot water needs are smaller and/or mostly needed at one particular sink.

The Importance of Earthquake Straps


During an earthquake, the ground movement can cause unsecured water heaters to fall over. This can sever gas lines, leading to gas leaks, or damage water connections, causing flooding. Additionally, a toppled water heater poses a significant fire risk if it is a gas water heater (natural gas or liquid propane) and the gas line is ruptured. Earthquake straps help to mitigate these risks by securely anchoring the water heater to wall studs, ensuring it remains upright and intact during seismic events.


How Earthquake Straps Work

Earthquake straps are made of heavy-duty metal bands that wrap around the water heater, anchoring it to the wall or floor. For optimal safety, straps should be installed at both the top and bottom thirds of the water heater. This dual-point anchoring provides stability, preventing both horizontal and vertical movement during an earthquake. The straps are tightened to ensure a snug fit around the water heater, without compressing or damaging the unit.


Installation Considerations

  1. Compliance with Local Codes: Check your local building codes for specific requirements regarding earthquake strap installation, including the type of straps and anchoring methods approved for use in your area. Most areas of California require them.
  2. Water Heater Size and Type: Ensure that the earthquake straps you choose are suitable for the size and type of your water heater. Gas and electric water heaters may have different anchoring requirements due to their construction and utility connections.
  3. Location and Anchoring: Straps should be securely fastened to wall studs or masonry, not just to drywall or plaster. This may require locating studs behind the wall and drilling pilot holes for secure attachment.
  4. Professional Installation: While some homeowners may feel comfortable installing earthquake straps themselves, professional installation can ensure that the straps are correctly and securely fitted, providing maximum protection.

Whole Home Plumbing Inspections

Understanding the Inspection Process


A whole home plumbing inspection involves a detailed assessment of every component of your plumbing system. Our experienced plumbing technicians use advanced tools and techniques to check for leaks, corrosion, water pressure issues, and the general wear and tear on pipes and fixtures. They will typically review the functionality of your water heater, test the shut-off valves to ensure there are no leaks, check pipe (water and sewer) for signs of leaking or wear, check for proper pressure to the home, test all faucets and fixtures for proper flow, and ensure that your sump pump (if applicable) is working properly. This process not only helps in identifying current problems but also in predicting potential future issues that could save owners significant amounts of money in the long run.


Identifying Common Issues


During the inspection, common issues that may be uncovered include slow drains, which could suggest blockages or improper venting; low water pressure, which may indicate pipe corrosion or sediment build-up; and signs of water damage, which could point to leaks that have gone unnoticed. Our technicians also look for compliance with local building codes, which can affect insurance rates as well as the safety and value of the property. By addressing these issues early, homeowners can avoid the disruptions and extensive costs associated with major plumbing failures.


Temperature and Pressure: Understanding the Risks

  1. High Temperature: Setting the water heater temperature too high can lead to scalding injuries and increase energy consumption. The recommended setting for most households is around 120°F (49°C), which balances safety with the need to kill bacteria and minimize energy use.
  2. Excessive Pressure: Water pressure that is too high can stress the water heater and plumbing fixtures, leading to leaks or tank failure. Pressure issues often arise from thermal expansion as heated water increases in volume.

Temperature Solutions

  1. Thermostats: Water heaters are equipped with thermostats that allow homeowners to control the water temperature. Regularly checking and adjusting the thermostat can prevent overheating and reduce energy waste.
  2. Anti-Scald Devices: These devices, such as tempering valves and thermostatic mixing valves, mix cold water with hot at the outlet to ensure water is delivered at a safe temperature, especially important in homes with vulnerable residents, like children or the elderly.

Pressure Solutions

  1. Temperature and Pressure (T&P) Relief Valves: A critical safety feature on water heaters, the T&P valve, sometimes known as a TPR valve, automatically opens to release water if the temperature or pressure inside the tank becomes too high, preventing potential explosions.
  2. Expansion Tanks: Installed on the cold water supply line to the water heater, an expansion tank absorbs excess pressure caused by thermal expansion, protecting the system from pressure surges.
  3. Pressure Regulators: These devices are installed on the main water supply line to limit the water pressure entering the home and, consequently, the water heater, preventing stress on the system.

How Expansion Tanks Work

An expansion tank is divided into two sections by a rubber diaphragm also known as a bladder. One side is connected to the plumbing system and filled with water, while the other side contains pressurized air. As water volume expands upon heating known as thermal expansion, the excess water flows into the expansion tank, compressing the air on the other side of the diaphragm. This action absorbs the increased pressure, preventing it from stressing the water heater and plumbing fixtures.


The Importance of Expansion Tanks


  1. Protection Against Overpressure: By accommodating the expanded volume of water, expansion tanks prevent overpressure in the system, protecting against leaks in water heaters, ruptured pipes, and damaged valves.
  2. Compliance with Building Codes: Many regions require the installation of expansion tanks in new construction or when replacing a water heater, especially in closed-loop systems where backflow into the municipal water supply is prevented by a check valve or pressure reducing valve, usually near the meter.
  3. Enhanced System Longevity: By mitigating pressure fluctuations, expansion tanks contribute to the extended lifespan of water heaters and reduce the likelihood of premature system failure.


Installation Considerations


  1. Sizing: Proper sizing of the expansion tank is critical and depends on the size of the water heater and the typical thermal expansion expected in the system. An undersized tank won't effectively mitigate pressure, while an oversized tank can be unnecessarily expensive and take up more space.
  2. Location: Expansion tanks are typically installed on the cold water supply line near the water heater. This placement allows the tank to manage increased pressure before it affects the water heater and plumbing system.
  3. Orientation: While many expansion tanks are installed vertically, some models are designed for horizontal installation. The orientation does not typically affect performance but should align with the manufacturer's recommendations.
  4. Pressure Settings: The air pressure inside the expansion tank should be set equal to the water pressure of the home's plumbing system for optimal performance. This can usually be checked by using a water pressure gauge.  This may require adjustment from the factory settings.


Importance of Drain Pans


  1. Leak Protection: Over time, water heaters can develop leaks due to corrosion, sediment buildup, or pressure issues. A drain pan collects this water, helping to prevent it from spreading and causing damage.
  2. Compliance with Building Codes: In many jurisdictions, installing a drain pan under water heaters, especially those located in attics or in closets inside the living spaces, is required by building codes.
  3. Peace of Mind: Knowing that pans will help to contain leaks provides owners with peace of mind, especially when the water heater is located in areas not regularly checked for leaks.


Types of Drain Pans


Drain pans come in a couple different materials and various sizes to suit different types and sizes of water heaters.


  1. Metal Pans: Typically made of aluminum, metal pans are durable and resistant to high temperatures. However, they can be susceptible to rust over time, especially if water remains standing in the pan.
  2. Plastic Pans: Made from high-impact plastic, these pans are rust-proof and often lighter and easier to install than metal pans. It’s important to choose a plastic pan that can withstand the temperature of discharged water.



Importance of Water Heater Stands


  1. Safety: The primary function of a water heater stand is to enhance safety by elevating the ignition source of gas water heaters, reducing the risk of flammable vapors being ignited.
  2. Flood Protection: In areas prone to flooding, raising the water heater can prevent water damage to the unit, prolonging its lifespan and ensuring continued operation.
  3. Compliance with Building Codes: Many local building codes require gas water heaters in garages and similar locations to be elevated, typically at least 18 inches off the ground, to meet safety regulations.


Specifications and Types


Water heater stands come in a couple of materials and various sizes, tailored to different types of water heaters:

  1. Metal Stands: Constructed from durable steel or aluminum, metal stands are designed to support the weight of a full water heater. They are available in fixed heights or adjustable models to accommodate different clearance requirements.
  2. Pre-Cast Concrete Blocks: Another option for elevating water heaters, especially in outdoor or unconditioned spaces, is using pre-cast concrete blocks. While less common, they offer stability and durability.

Annual Inspection For Water Heaters


  1. Visual Inspection: Annually inspect your water heater for signs of wear or damage, such as rust, corrosion, or water leakage around the base of the tank or in piping connections for traditional water heaters. For tankless models, check for any error codes or warning lights that may indicate a problem.
  2. Check the Temperature & Pressure Relief Valve (T&P): This safety device prevents excessive pressure buildup in the tank, which could lead to a dangerous explosion. Lift the valve's lever to release a little water into the drainpipe. If water doesn’t flow or continues to flow after testing, the valve may need to be replaced.


Drain and Flush the Tank


Sediment and/or calcium buildup can reduce your water heater's efficiency and clog water lines. For tank-style water heaters:

  1. Turn off the power: For electric heaters, switch off the power at the circuit breaker. For gas models, turn the thermostat to the "pilot" setting.
  2. Connect a garden hose to the drain valve: Direct the hose to a suitable drain or outdoors.
  3. Drain the tank: Open the drain valve and allow the water to flow out until it's clear of sediment. This may take several minutes to an hour. If the water remains murky, briefly turn on the cold water supply to help flush the tank.


Inspect Anode Rod


The anode rod protects your tank from corrosion by sacrificing itself to corrosion instead of the tank. Checking and replacing the anode rod every 3 to 5 years can significantly extend the life of your water heater.

  1. Locate and remove the anode rod: This will require an applicable wrench. Consult your water heater’s manual for the exact location and instructions or have one of our experts take care of it for you.
  2. Inspect the rod: If more than 6 inches of the core wire is visible, or the rod is heavily coated in calcium, it's time for a replacement.


Troubleshooting Water Heaters

1. No Hot Water


  • Electric Water Heaters: Check if the circuit breaker has tripped. If so, reset it. If it trips again, there may be an electrical issue requiring a professional. For water heaters with two heating elements, one of the elements or thermostats may have failed and need replacement.
  • Gas Water Heaters: Ensure the pilot light is on. If it's out, follow the manufacturer's instructions to relight it (typically located just above or on the control valve). If it won’t stay lit, the thermocouple might need replacing or the gas valve could be faulty.


2. Insufficient Hot Water or Running Out Quickly


  • Sediment Buildup: Draining and flushing the tank can remove sediment affecting the heater's efficiency.
  • Faulty Heating Element or Burner: For electric heaters, one of the heating elements may have failed. In gas models, the burner may be dirty or obstructed.
  • Incorrectly Sized Water Heater: If your household's hot water demand has increased, you may need a larger water heater.


3. Water is Too Hot


  • Thermostat Setting: Check the thermostat on the water heater; it should be set between 120°F and 130°F (check owner's manual if you see letters for the settings on the dial). Adjust accordingly if set too high.


4. Noisy Water Heater


  • Sediment Buildup: Rumbling or popping noises are often due to sediment collecting at the bottom of the tank and overheating. Draining and flushing the tank can help.
  • Water Hammer: If the noise occurs when turning hot water on or off, installing water hammer arrestors can solve the issue or ensuring pipes are properly strapped, especially if you've recently experienced an increase in your water pressure.


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